EKSPLORASI FUNGI INDIGENUS PENGHASIL ENZIM LAKASE PADA LIMBAH BATIK PEKALONGAN
Main Article Content
UUN ROHMAWATI
Pekalongan is one of the largest batik producing cities in Indonesia. In general, batik industry waste is directly disposed of into the environment, causing pollution and being hazardous to health. One alternative is to utilize local fungi (indigenous) because they produce laccase enzymes that can decompose dyes. The purpose of this study was to isolate and select fungi producing laccase enzymes from the environment contaminated with batik waste in Pekalongan. The methods used were qualitative screening using tannic acid, laccase enzyme activity testing, and macroscopic and microscopic observations. The results of this study obtained 127 fungal isolates, but only 27 fungal isolates formed yellow to brown zones during qualitative screening. In the laccase enzyme activity test, 21 fungal isolates were obtained that could produce laccase enzyme activity. Five potential fungi producing the highest laccase enzyme activity were taken, namely isolates KByT1, 33ByL1, B BrT1, 58 JL2, and 13 ByL1 (laccase enzyme activity in sequence, namely 19.82 U/ml, 6.08 U/mL, 5.98 U/mL, 3.89 U/mL and 3.79 U/mL). Isolates KByT1 and B BrT1 belong to the genus Trichoderma, isolate 33ByL1 belongs to the genus Talaromyces, isolate 58 JL2 belongs to the genus Fusarium and isolate 13 ByL1 belongs to the genus Aspergillus.
Achmad, & Nurhayati, P. W. (2004). Genus Fungi pada Tanah Hutan Mangrove Tercemar Logam Berat di Muara Angke DKI Jakarta.
Andriani, A., Tachibana, S., & Itoh, K. (2016). Effects of saline-alkaline stress on benzo[a]pyrene biotransformation and ligninolytic enzyme expression by Bjerkandera adusta SM46. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-2001-4.
Barnett, H. L., & Hunter, B. B. (1987). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi (4th ed). Macmillan.
Bettin, F., Montanari, Q., Calloni, R., Gaio, T. A., Silveira, M. M., & Dillon, A. J. P. (2014). Additive effects of CuSO4 and aromatic compounds on laccase production by Pleurotus sajor-caju PS-2001 using sucrose as a carbon source. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20140312s00002241.
Bharagava, R. N. (Ed.). (2017). Environmental Pollutants and Their Bioremediation Approaches (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22171.
Budiyanto, S., Anies, Purnaweni, H., & Rya Sunoko, H. (2018). Environmental Analysis of The Impacts of Batik Waste Water Polution on The Quality of Dug Well Water in The Batik Industrial Center of Jenggot Pekalongan City. E3S Web of Conferences, 31, 09008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109008.
Chowdhary, P., Raj, A., & Bharagava, R. N. (2018). Environmental pollution and health hazards from distillery wastewater and treatment approaches to combat the environmental threats: A review. Chemosphere, 194, 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.163.
Dewi, R. S., Kasiamdari, R. S., Martani, E., & Purwestri, Y. A. (2018). Decolorization and detoxification of batik dye effluent containing Indigosol Blue-04B using fungi isolated from contaminated dye effluent. Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology, 23(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.3233.
El-Batal, A. I., ElKenawy, N. M., Yassin, A. S., & Amin, M. A. (2015). Laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus and its application in synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Biotechnology Reports, 5, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2014.11.0.
Gao, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, W., & Mu, Z. (2011). Isolation, identification and application in lignin degradation of an ascomycete GHJ-4.
Gáspár, S., Brinduse, E., & Vasilescu, A. (2020). Electrochemical Evaluation of Laccase Activity in Must. Chemosensors, 8(4), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8040126.
Gomez-Mendez, E., Brito-Vega, H., de, U., Lopez-Ferrer, C., Salaya-Dominguez, J. M., Ma, R., Gomez-Vazquez, A., & Cruz, A. (2020). The Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. In Cocoa Agroforestry System. Open Science Journal.
Kim, D. H. (1995). A New Extracellular Laccase of Cryphonectha parasitica Is Revealed by Deletion of Lac1. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 8(2), 259. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-8-0259.
Latgé, J.-P. (1999). Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(2), 310–350. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.2.310.
Ramadhan, K. P., Anita, S. H., Oktaviani, M., Sari, F. P., Budi Laksana, R. P., Nurhayat, O. D., & Yuli Yanto, D. H. (2021). Biodecolorization of Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes by Newly Isolated Indonesian White-Rot Fungi. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 13(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.26148.
Rohmawati, U., & Kasiamdari, R. S. (2022). Morphological, Molecular Characterization, and Physico-chemical Analysis of Trichoderma yunnanense as Indigosol Golden Yellow Dye-decolorizing Fungus. Philippine Journal of Science, 151(6B). https://doi.org/10.56899/151.6B.11.
Rousk, J., Brookes, P. C., & Bååth, E. (2009). Contrasting Soil pH Effects on Fungal and Bacterial Growth Suggest Functional Redundancy in Carbon Mineralization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(6), 1589–1596. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02775-08.
Senthivelan, T., Kanagaraj, J., Panda, R. C., & Narayani, T. (2019). Screening and production of a potential extracellular fungal laccase from Penicillium chrysogenum: Media optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Biotechnology Reports, 23, e00344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00344.
Sharma, A., Aggarwal, N. K., & Yadav, A. (2017a). Isolation and Screening of Lignolytic Fungi from Various Ecological Niches. Universal Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(2), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujmr.2017.050202.
Singh, J., Das, A., & Yogalakshmi, K. N. (2020). Enhanced laccase expression and azo dye decolourization during co-interaction of Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. SN Applied Sciences, 2(6), 1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2832-y
